A new survey by Spain's Center for Sociological Studies (CIS) reveals that nearly one in four Spaniards believes a war between Spain and Morocco is conceivable in the coming years. Russia, however, remains the country most widely seen as a potential adversary in the event of an armed conflict. Based on 2,000 telephone interviews conducted between November 3 and 11, the poll found that 66.2% of respondents consider it possible that Spain could become involved in a future military confrontation. Of those, 42.2% believe Morocco is the country Spain might clash with, while 57% pointed to Russia. The United States followed at 30.2%, China at 11.2%, and Israel at 3%. Only 2.1% feared the prospect of an internal civil war. The results echo the findings of the Barometer published by the Elcano Royal Institute, based on a survey carried out between May and June 2025. That report showed Morocco continues to top the list of countries perceived as a security threat in Spain, with 55% of respondents naming it, compared to 36% for Russia. According to the same study, sympathy toward Morocco remains low, averaging 4.6 out of 10, below countries such as Italy, Ukraine, and even Palestine. It also highlights that irregular migration continues to be viewed as the leading concern in Europe, ahead of the war in Ukraine and poverty.
